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Italian Army of 1940: Facilitator or Victim of Mussolini’s Failed War Strategy?

Meeting Betwen Mussolini, Hitler, Ciano and Von Ribbentrop  Picture Courtesy of WW2Total.com.

The true question when searching to elucidate the performance of the Italian military, one that is scarcely discussed, is if it’s state of disorder was the cause or the effect of the nation’s ruination. In other words, did the uneven military performance cause the collapse of the nation, or was it merely the expression of a society and government that was already teetering on the precipice of implosion?

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June 1940, the Invasion of France

Italian soldiers in occupied France

The operations against France started two days after the Italian declaration of war ( June 10, 1940), during the night between the 12th and the 13th of June, when squadrons of Italian bombers attacked southern France and hitting two small towns, Hyeres and St. Raphael, and the Naval base in Tolon. Additionally, Bastia and Calvi on the Corsican Island and Bizert in Tunisia were also bombed.

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Italian Military Map Symbols

This manual explains and illustrates the map symbology used by the Italian Army during the 2° Guerra Mondiale. I have not translated any parts of this manual, but most readers should be able to understand the symbols and what they mean. I didn’t scan any blank pages, so a few pages are missing.

Guide to NARA Italian Microfilm Records Series T-821

The attached .pdf file contains the guide to the Italian military records that were seized by the Allies after the war. These files were microfilmed before the original files were returned to Italy in 1967. These files contain a wide variety of documents covering the Italian Armed Force from 1939-43.

Tragedy at Bari

The John Harvey burns out of control in Bari.  Picture courtesy of ussm.org

The first deaths from exposure to the gas occurred within 24 hours of the bombing. Men who appeared for the most part fine one minute, would slip into severe respiratory distress the next, and be gone in minutes.

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