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King Vittorio Emanuele III of Italy

King Vittorio Emmanuele III

King Umberto I was assassinated in 1900, at which time Vittorio Emanuele became King of Italy. For a time, King Vittorio enjoyed relative peace in his country. However, fourteen years after he became king, World War I began.

Letter exchanged between Franco and Mussolini, August, 1940

The consequences, which the conquest of France is to have for the reorganization of the North African territories have made it advisable for me, now that the time has come, to charge my Ambassador in Rome with transmitting to Your Excellency the Spanish aspirations and claims traditionally maintained throughout our history in the foreign policy of Spain, today more alive than ever in our consciousness

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Letter from Adolf Hitler to Benito Mussolini on Operation Barbarossa

The situation in England itself is bad; the provision of food and raw materials is growing steadily more difficult. The martial spirit to make war, after all, lives only on hopes. These hopes are based solely on two assumptions: Russia and America.

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Benito Mussolini

Portrait of Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini was born on July 29th, 1883 in the town of Varnano dei Costa near the village of Predappio. His mother Rosa Maltoni was married to a blacksmith named Alessandro Mussolini. Alessandro, being an admirer of the Mexican revolutionary Benito Juarez, named his son after the patriot and hero.

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